Horizontal governance is an umbrella term that covers a range of approaches to policy
development, service delivery issues, and management practices. A horizontal initiative may take place across levels of government, across boundaries between units of a single department or agency or among multiple departments or agencies, or across public, private and voluntary sectors. It replaces hierarchical leadership with collaboration, coordination, shared responsibility for decisions and outcomes, and a willingness to work through consensus.
Three articles reflecting a debate on literacy between two schools of thought which have been variously called the autonomous and the socio-cultural.